翻譯社提供譯作欣賞~【醫學】【中文翻譯英文】【初稿】

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【醫學】【中文翻譯英文】【初稿未校稿】
The lateral cerebellar hemispheres (cerebrocerebellum;A, yellow) store programs for voluntary movements (manual dexterity). (→A1) In voluntary movements, associative cortical areas (→A1) activate, via pontine nuclei(→A2), neurons in the hemispheres (→A3)whose efferent impulses (orange) project, via the dentate nucleus (→A4) and thalamus(→A5), to the motor cortex (→A5). From here spinal motoneurons are activated via the pyramidal tract (violet). Lesions in the hemispheres or in structures connected with them thus impair initiation and planning of movements.The intermediate part of the hemisphere(spinocerebellum, light blue) is mainly responsible for the control of movement. Via spinocerebellar afferents (blue) it receives information about the state of the motor apparatus. Neurons of the spinocerebellum project to the red nucleus (→A9) and thalamus via the nuclei emboliformis and globosus (→A8). Spinal motoneurons are influenced by the red nucleus via the rubrospinal tract and by the thalamus via the motor cortex and the pyramidal tract. Disorders of the spinocerebellum impair the execution and control of voluntary movements.The neurons of this part of the cerebellum project directly to the vestibular nucleus (→A11) as well as via the nuclei fastigii (→A12) to the thalamus, to the reticular formation (→A13),and to the contralateral vestibular nucleus (→A14). Spinal motoneurons receive impulses via the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts, via the thalamocortical and corticospinal tracts. Lesions in the flocculus, nodulus,and vermis mainly affect balance and body posture as well as the muscles of the trunk and face.